Russian disinformation is often said to be based on the so-called Gerasimov Doctrine even though, according to some analysts, Russian hybrid warfare is more precisely based on the Primakov Doctrine, w
For years, France has failed to fittingly assess informational risk in Africa, from the Central African Republic to Mali. The spreading of access to social media has enabled some actors, notably Russi
When implementing the UN 2030 agenda, the construction of perceptions and its builders, especially in the media, must be considered. This is what second-order Cindynics suggest. This approach shares s
The media coverage of the Duclert report illustrates one of the basic axioms of Cindynics: the pharmakon principle, which states that any action aiming at risk reduction can give rise to new risks. An
After noticing the absence of a description of US post-Cold War peacekeeping policy in the Duclert report, which constitutes a topological disparity with some English-speaking studies, it may be inter
In a previous post, we presented the different stages of the deconflictualisation process enabled by the cindynical method. Before reducing the prospective divergences between actors, it is necessary
Second Order Cindynics rely on a strict modeling that sometimes seems difficult to grasp. In summary, considering subjectivities leads to situation descriptions which depend on observers, and enables
Last March we reported the use of Turkish killer drones in autonomous mode in Libya. This information was initially noticed on March 17 by Laurent Lagneau in a UN report on the ineffectiveness of the
The UN Panel of Experts on Libya has just published a report denouncing the total ineffectiveness of the arms embargo imposed on Libya in 2011 by the Security Council. A previous report by UN experts